Explosive-engine.



C. A. JOHNSON.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION man SEPT. 19. 1913.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET1.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAFH C0.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

C. A. JOHNSON.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATloN FILED sEPT.19. |913.

Patented Aug. 17', 1915.

3 ,SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MVIM J f "f f.

C. A. JOHNSON.

EXPLOSIVE ENGlNE.

APPLICATION men sPT.19.1913.

COLUMBIA PLANUGRAPH Cc..w^sH|NGTDN, D. c.

vio

n s'iATns CLINTON A. JOHNSON, or CHICAGO,` ILLINOIS, AssIGNon To JOHNSON Coi/[POUND GAS ENGINE Co., or CHICAGO, ILLINoiaA CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

m ExPLosIvE-ENGINE.

nioazoo.

Specification of Letters Patent,

VPaternal Aug. 1v, 1915 Application fried september 19, 1913. seriai No. 790,606. i

new `and useful Improvements in Explosive'- Engines,of which the following is a full, clear, ,and exact description.

The invention relates to explosive engines land more particularly to improved fluid-operated starting devices therefor. l

The invention designs to` provide fimproved starting means which is adapted 5to start the engine by. fluidV supplied to the The invention also designs to provide a Ved to that type of four cycle engine in which the exhaust from the working side of the 4piston is conducted to the non-working side .toy prevent back pressureV of the latter side during the compression and e'xhauststrokes. This object is'attained by utilizing the valve for controlling the passage of exhaust fluid to and from the .non-working side of the piston to control the flow of compressed fluid, usually air, to operatethe piston during the compression and.l exhaust strokes until the engine has been started and is being operated by ignition of the combustible fluid supply to the working side ofthe piston. Y

The invention further designs toprovide improved starting Vmeans for explosive ennes. Y @The inventionconsists in the several novel features hereinafterset forth and more particularly defined .by claims at the conclusion hereof.

. In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical section of an explosive engine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.- Fig. 3 is a section taken.

through the intake valve for combustible. Fig. A is a horizontal v'section taken on line 4 4'01 Fig. i. y

The improved explosive engine is of the `four cycle type and is shown as applied to journaled in bearings 15 on a'base or bracket 16 to which is secured the lower endof the cylinder, and is formed with a crank 17. A piston 18 is slidable in the cylinder and is connected tothe crank by a pitman 19 Y which is pivoted, as at 20, to the piston, and as `at 21 to crank 17. A spark-plug 22, which may be operated by any suitable ;means, as wel-l understood inthe art, serves to ignite at the proper time the combustible charge in the ,combustion-chamber12 of the cylinder above the piston. A lubricator 27 connected to the cylinder 1 2 supplies lubri- Acant to the piston.l

A supply port 24C is formed in the cylinvder casing through which the combustible vfluid is supplied to the chamber 12. check. valve 25, which is normally closed Vby va spring 26,l serves to Close the supply-port gat` all times except during the intake stroke of the piston. Port 24 issupplied with fluid through a pipe 24 which is connected thereto.

Pipe 24: may be connected to a carburetor of usual construction, aswell understoodin the art.

An exhaust port 28 is formed in the cylinder-casing'and a valve 30, secured to a stem V31, controls the exhaust Vfrom the combustion chamber 12 Von the working sideV of the piston. This valve is normally closed by a spring 32 `and is opened during the exhaust stroke of .the piston by a cam 32 Von Va shaft 33 which is journaled in suitable bearings in bracket 16 and is driven by crank-shaft 14- `by means of a pinion 35 rotating with the :crank-shaft and a gear 36 on cam-shaft 33.

`rod 31 by a lug 41 and nuts 412 which engage a screw thread on the upper end of rod A0.

This mechanism for operating the exhaust valve 30 permits the exploded charge to ex- .haust from the combustion chamber on the working side ofthe piston during the. fourth stroke of the piston. i

In practice, it has been found that the unequal pressures upon the non-workingand working sides of the piston during the exhaust stroke retard the operation of the .engine and lessen the power developed thereby.l F or the purpose of 'overcoming this loss of power, provision is made for transferring the exploded charge from the working side of the piston to the non-working to equalize the pressures upon its sides, and which means effects direct transferal so that the pressure will not be reduced when transferred to the non-working side of the piston. Exhaust port 28 is connected by a pipe `45 to a duct 46 formed in the top 47 of bracket 16 which is fitted to that endof the cylinder l2 through which pitman 19 passes. This top 47 is also formed with a duct 48 for discharging the fluid in the cylinder chamber 12a on the non-working side of the piston, to atmosphere. YThe inlet to, and outlet from, said chamber 12at through ducts 46 and 48, respectively, are controlled by a slide val-ve 50 which is fitted in a way 51 formed in the lower Vend or .head l2c of the cylinder-casing and slides upon the top 47. A wear ring 52 is held in top 47 around duct 46'to prevent the passage of fluid through ducts 46 when the slide valve 50 is closed. A packing-ring 53 in ring 52 prevents leakage between ring 52 and the top 47 in'which ring 52 is held by a bolt 52. Bolt 52 permits a. slight vertical play of ring 52 so that lpressure against the lunderside of said ring will cause a snug fitbetween the valve and ring. Any wear of the ring will not permit ,any leakage because the ring will be seated against the underside of valve 50 by 'any pressure in duct 46.

Slide valve 50 vis operated to alternately Y open duct 46 vto admit fluid under pressure expelled from the combustion chamber 12 by piston 18, to chamber 12a on the nonworkingside of the piston, and to open duct v48 for the discharge of fiuid from the said Ychamber by a suitable connection with pitman 19, the oscillation of the pitman being utilized for this purpose. This operating connection between the pitman and the valve 50 comprises a ball-sleeve 54 which is held Vin a ball-shaped socket form-ed in valve 50 and a bearing plate secured to the top thereof by bolts 55. Pitman 19 extends and slides through sleeve 54 and a packing-box V56 on the sleeve prevents leakage, between the sleeve and the pitman. By means of this connection, the lateral or swinging movement of the pitman is utilized to operate the Vvalve for controlling the flow of fluid to and from the non-working side of the piston.

l so

The sliding connection between sleeve 54 and the pitman permit the latter -to move longitudinally. Resultantly, when the piston is at the end of its power-stroke, exhaust valve 30 will be opened for the escape of fluid from the working side of the piston to the exhaust duct'28, pipe 45 and duct 46. During the commencement of the exhaust-stroke, valve 50 will uncover duct 46 to permit the fluid to pass to chamber 12a on the non-v working side of the piston. At such time, valve 50 will keep exhaust duct 48 closed. Thus, during the exhaust stroke, the exploded charge will be transferred to the non-working side of the piston, equalize the pressures upon its sides, andv overcome Vany Vback-pressure upon the non-working side of during the compression-stroke.

the piston during the exhaust-stroke. At the end of the exhaust-stroke of pistonl8, valve 50 will close port46 and uncover exhaust-port 48 to permit fluid to escape from the non-working side of the piston during the'intake stroke, and topermit the products of combustion to finally escape.

During the compression stroke, exhaust port 48 will beclosed, and the exhaust valve 30 will be also closed. To prevent back-pressure or a vacuum on the non-working side .of the piston and to save the Vpower required lfrom sucking the air into the cylinder during this stroke, an expansion chamber .and

inlet, which will be operative during this ingv the exhaust stroke, the pressure of the Y products of combustion Vwill at times exert suicient pressure upon theV underside of piston 63 to cause it to rise' in cylinder 60, and this fluid is utilized to Vpreventrback pressure upon th-e non-working side of the piston during the compression-strokeV of piston 18. During the compression-stroke, the contents of cylinder 60 pass through duct 46, which'is uncovered at that time, and prevent formation of a vacuum in chamber 12a on the non-working side of' the enginepiston. The fluid in the exhaust pipe45 and expansion cylinder 60 isusually insufficient for this purpose and to supply the deficiency, air will be admitted through ports 64 in piston 68 when piston 63 has been drawn `downward to the lower end of cylinder 60. In this manner, the piston will notjencouniuid -pressure upon the non working side A valve a; in a pipe a', which is connected to a source of supply of fluid, such as air under pressure, and to pipe 45, controls the supply of Huid to the non-working side of the cylinder for starting` they engine. A

check-valve b is provided in pipe 45, is pivote'd therein, as at b', and is provided with a Vweighted arm b2 on the outside of said'pipe.

-f lhisycheck-vailve prevents compressed air from passing into the vexhaust-passage 28.

This check-valve permits exhaust fluid fto.

pass freely to duct 46 during normal runby fluid pressure from valve ain-starting the engine. v-

` Slide valve 50, 4besides controlling the passage of exhaust-fluidV to and from the y ilo ter, material resistance from thev'lack of Y y ning of the engine, and will beheld closed Y non-working side of the piston, serves, when check-valve Y) is closed, to uncover duct 46 during the instrokes of piston 18 and to uncover exhaust port 48 during the outstrokes of the piston, so that during each instroke, the non-working side of the piston will be exposed to air under pressure and be operated thereby until the engine has been started. In multicylinder engines, the cranks on the crank-shaft are usually set in such relative position that successive inward operation of the pistons will suilice to operate the crank-shaft a complete revolution, the air supply pipe a being connectedv to all of the exhaustpipes e5 in the same manner, or by a manifold between valve a and pipes 45. ln a single cylinder engine, the rapid operation of the piston during the compression and exhaust strokes thereof usually sullices, with the force of the usual y-wheel, to operate the crank-shaft complete revolutions.

The .starting operation of the improved:

engine will be as follows: During the intake and power strokes of the pistonH 18, slide val-ve 50 will` covenduct i6 and. prevent compressed fluid from passing to the non-working side of the cylinder. In` multi-cylinder engines, the cranks of the crank-shaft are usually set in such relationthat one or more of the pistons will always be on either the compression or exhaust stroke, and during these strokes, one or more of the ports le6 wil-l he uncovered toadmitlfluid under pressure from pipe a when valve a is opened, so

valve?) to permit the exhaust to escape through duct i6 to the non-working side of 'the cylinder and then valve a; will be closed. The operation of the engine afterit has been started will be as follows: Assuming piston 1S to be at the upper end of cylinder 12,`it will, during its outward movement, open check valve 25 andi draw a charge of combustible liuid through supply port 2e: into the combustion-chamber 12. During .this strokev or' thepiston, slide-valve 50 will un- 1 cover exhaust port i8 to vpermit iuid in chamber 12a on the non-working side of the piston to escape through said duct. During the next ini-stroke of piston 18, the charge of combustible lluid in chamber 12 will be compressed, intake valve 25 and exhaust valve 30 being closed. Duringwthis compression-stroke of piston 18, pitman 19 will uncover duct e6 and permit fluid in exhaust pipe iand expansion-cylinder 60 to pass to chamber 12a on the non-working side of the `to drive the piston 18 outwardly.

engine-piston and, yii there is a deliciency of Vliuid, Vair will be drawn through ports 64 in charge or fluid will pass from chamber 12` through exhaust-duct 2e, pipe e5 and duct e6 to the chamber 12L on the non-working side of the'piston. During the exhauststroke, pitnian 19 will operate slide-valve 50 tol uncover portelG foi-.transferal of iiuid from the working side to the non-working side of the piston and thus equalize the pressure in the sides o the piston. In many cases, this l'luid is under pressure and any excess of pressure will cause this fluid to lir't piston 53 in expansion-cylinder G0 and, during the succeeding compression-stroke of piston 1S, will exhaust the iuid from cyli inder 60 and draw piston 63 downwardly in cylinder 60. i

VThe invention thus 'exemplifies an improved engine which may be started by supplying compressed fiuid to the non-working side of the cylinder under control of a valve at the non-working end of the cylinderand which is operated by a pitnian; also 1one vwhich exemplifies the use of the valve which controls the supply of exhaust to the working side of the cylinder, to control the 'flow of compressed fluid in starting the engine. Y

rEhe invention is not to be restricted tothe details set forth, since these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims,

without departing fromv the spirit and scope of the invention.'

Having thus` described the invention, what I claini asnew and desire to secure Letters Patent, is:

1. In an explosive engine, the combination with a piston, a crank, a pitman connecting rthe piston and crank, a casing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, and means for supplying combustible fluid. to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, of means for supplying fluid under pressure to the non-working side of the piston to start the engine, and a valve operated bythe pitman for controlling the passage of fluid to the non-working side of the piston.

2. In an explosive engine, the combination withta piston, a crank, a pitnianV coninecting thepiston and crank, a casing havi the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, of means for supplying fluid under pressure to the non-Working side of the piston to start the engine, and a valve operated by the pitman for controlling the passage of fluid to and from the non-Working side of the piston.

3. In an explosive engine, the Combination With a piston, a crank, a pitman connesting the piston and Crank, a casingV having a cylinder therein extending from both y sides of the piston, ignition-means, and

.means for supplying Combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, of means for supplying fluid imder pressure to the non-Working side of `the piston, to start the engine, and a valve ,at one end of the cylinder operated by the pitman for controlling the passage of fluid to and from the non- Working side of the piston.

In an explosive engine, the combination With a piston, a crank, a pitman con- VVneoting the piston and crank, a easing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides or'V the piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, a slide valve at one end ofv the cylinder operated by the pitinan, for eontrolling'the passage of Huid to the non-Working sideof the piston, and means for supplying tluid under pressure to said valve and to the non- Working` side of the ypiston to start the engine.

-5. In an explosive engine, the combination with a piston, a crank, a pitiiian oonneoting the piston and crank, a easing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition-means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, means for conducting the exhaust from the Working -side of the piston to its non- Worliing side, and a piti'nan-operated valve for Controlling the passage of the exhaust to the non-Working side of the cylinder, of

Ameans for supplying fluid under pressure to said Conducting means to start the engine.

6; In an explosive engine, the combination with a piston, a crank, a pitman connecting the piston and Crank, a Casing having a cylinder therein extending *from both sides of the piston, ignition means, lmeans for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston Jfor operating it, means for conducting the exhaust from the Working side of the piston to its non- Worliing side, and a pitinan-operated valve for controlling` the passage of the exhaust to the non-Working side of the cylinder, oi means for supplying iiuid under pressure` to said conducting-means to start the engine,

w and means for preventing the starting fluid it, means forfoondueting the exhaust from the Working side of the piston to its non- .Working side, intake and exhaust valves, and a pitman-operated slide valve atl one end of the Cylinder for controlling the passage of the exhaust to the non-Working .side of the cylinder, of means for supplying fluid under pressure to said slide-valve to start the engine. A

8. In an explosive engine, the' combination With a piston,v a crank, a pitman connecting the piston and oranli, a casing having a cylinder therein extending from bothV sides ofthe piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, meansfor onduoting theY exhaust from the Working side of the piston to its non- Working side, and a pitman operated valve for controlling the passage of the exhaust `tothe non-Working side or' the cylinder and lthe exhaust therefrom,` of ine-ansl for conducting fluid under pressure to said valve to start the engine. Y

9. In an explosive engine, the Combination Vivith a piston, a casing havinga Cylinder` therein extending from both sides ofthe piston, ignition means, 'Vmeans for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston for operating'it, means for conducting the exhaust from the Working Y Y i side of the piston, to its non-Working side, and an engine-operated valve for controlling the passage 'of the exhaust to the non-Working side of the cylinder, of means for suping-means to start the engine and a cheek- ;valve in said conduoting-jmeanafor preventing the fluid under pressure from passing vto the Working side of the cylinder.`

10. In an explosive engine, the combination vrwith a piston, a casing `having a YVCylinder therein extending from bothv sides of the piston, ignition means, means YforA supplying combustible fluid to the cylinder: vat one side, of the piston foiioperating it, VYmeans forl conducting tlie exhaust from-the Working side of the piston te its non-Working side,

plying fluid under pressure to said conductand an engine operatedV valve at oneend of Y the cylinder for controlling the passage of the exhaust to the non-Working sideof the f I cylinder and the exhaustV therefrom, of means for supplying fluid under pressure to said Conducting-means to start-the engine,

and aioheek-valve in said Conducting-means,

4passing to theY Working side ,ofthe cylinder,-

l1e In an exploiveengiueye Combina# tien with a pistongacasfng hating aeyli.- der therein eeteeelills frein botheielee of the piston, ignition nieans,"means Vfor supplying eoinbnstiblefiuid to thehc'ylinder at 011e side 0f. the niet@ for operating it'ie'aue for oonduotingthe exhaust from 'the' work?4 ing side of the lpiston toits vnon'working side, intaleand exhaust valves, and anyen gineeoperated valve for .Controlling the pas sageof thelexhaust to Vthe non-working side et the Cylinder. of means for supplying fluid under pressure to said oonduetinglrneans to start lthe .engine and a cheek-valve in said .i- Conducting-means for preventing under pressure from passing to the exhaust valve. 4 Y l 12. In an explosive engine, the combination with a piston, a easing having a eylinder therein extending from b oth sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, an exhaust valve, a pipe for conducting the exhaust from said valve to the non-working side of the piston, and an engine-operated valve for oonstrolling the passage Aof the exhaust to the non-working4 side of the cylinder, of means for supplying fluid under pressure to said conducting-means to start the engine,

and a check-valve in said pipe for preventing the fluid under pressure from passing to the said exhaust valve.A

13. In an explosive engine, the combination of a piston, a easing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, a crank-shaft,

a pitman between the crank-shaft and the piston, a valve at one end'of the cylinder through which the pitman extends, for oontrolling the passage of fluid to the nonworking side of the cylinder, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the nonworking side under control of said valve, to start the engine. Y

14;. In an explosive engine, the combination of a piston, a casing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, a crank-shaft, a pitman between the crank-shaft and the piston, a valve at one end of the cylinder through which the pitman extends having means Vfor controlling the passage of fluid to the non-working side of the cylinder and the exhaust therefrom, and means for su plying fluid under pressure to the non-wor ing side under control of said valve, to start the engine.

In an explosive engine, the ombinaeen, ef e; Pisten, e eeelfie haring a, eylnflef therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplying Combustible ,to theeylinder at one side of the piston for @perenne it, a Crank-shaft, a pitnian'betweenthe V orank?shuit and the piston, fa valve fat one fend.,4 of the Cylinder through whioh the pitman extends for controlling the supply of fluid to the nonfworlrille" eide ef, lelle Cylinder, means, felv1 eenduee ing the .exhaust from the Werking side ofthe pieten te .the Seid, `valve, and. means for Supplying fluid luider iueseureV te] `elle 119.11'- Werleles eide lmelereellltel @leale valve, te Steel elle engine 165111 en explosive engine, the CombinelOIl 0f e pieten, e easing having e Cylinder therein extending frembeth Sides ef the Pieten, isnitionfmeerle, means for Supplying Combustible fluid, te. the eylinder at one Side 0f the rieten fer' Qpereting le eresie-Shaft, a pitman between the crank-shaft the piston, a valve at one end of the cylinder through Whieh the ptman extends, having means for controlling the supply of fluid to the non-working side of the cylinder, and the exhaust therefrom, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to said valve, to start the engine, said valve controlling the supply of exhaust and the starting fluid to the Vnon-working side of the piston.

17. In an explosive engine, the combination of a piston, a casing having a cylinder therein extending from `both sides ofthe piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the Cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, a crank-shaft, a pitman between the crank-shaft and the piston, a slide valve at one end of the cylinder through which the pitrnan extends having means for Controlling the supply of fluid to the non-working side of the cylinder and the exhaust therefrom, means for conducting the exhaust from the working side of the piston to said valve, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to said valve, to start the engine.

18. In an explosive engine, the combination of a piston, a casing having a Cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplying combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, a crank-shaft, a pitrnan between the crank-shaft and the piston, a slide at one end of the cylinder through which the piston extends, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the pitman side of the cylinder, to start the engine.

19. In an explosive engine, the combination of a piston, a Casing having a cylinder therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition means, means for supplyi'ngjcombustible vfluid tothe cylinder at one side of thepiston for operating it, a crankshafta pitinan between the crank-shaft Vand the-piston, a slide at one end of the cylinder,

through'whieh the pitman extends, a pivotal v and sliding connection between the pitman Copies o! this patent may be obtained for a pitman between the crank-shaft and the piston, a slide at one end of the cylinder thi-ough which the pitman extends, a sleeve 'mounted on said slide, a -pivotal connection between the sleeve and the pitman, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the pitinan sideof'the cylinder, to start the engine.,l

21. In" an explosive vvengine, `,the eoinbina,

tion with a piston," a Casing having a cylin-Y -der therein extending from both sides of the piston, ignition-means, means for supplying ,if Y

Combustible fluid to the cylinder at one side of the piston for operating it, aerank-shaft, a pitman between the ciranlshaftand the piston, a valve at one end of the Cylinder through which the pitinan extends for controlling p the supply of fluid Vto the "non-Wmking side of the cylinder, a pipe for conducting the` l exhaustfr'omthe Working side vof the vpiston to saidfvalve and the non-Working side, a pipe for supplying fluid under pressure to said valve, a valve intherlatter pipe foicon,V A i trolling kthe supply of starting fluidto said valve, and a cheek-valve inthe exhaust conducting pipe., 5* Y- `f Y y t CLINTON A J VVitnessesj g `FILED GERLAC'H, VMILDRLD STMPF.

ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washingtong. I l 

